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| c. 300 BC - AD 100 |
| | | The people of Paracas, a coastal region of central Peru, create extremely sophisticated fabrics of woven cotton or vicuña wool | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | Phoenicia is brought into the new Hellenistic empire, changing hands frequently between contending successors of Alexander | |
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| 299 BC |
| | | The Roman siege technique is improved by the 'tortoise' which protects the attacking force | |
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| 299 BC |
| | | Seleucus founds Antioch as a Greek city on the trade route between Mesopotamia and Europe | |
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| 292 BC |
| | | The Colossus, a giant statue of Helios the sun god, is erected beside the harbour of Rhodes | |
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| 281 BC |
| | | Pyrrhus lands in Italy, with 25,000 men and 20 elephants, to fight for the Greek colony of Tarentum against the Romans | |
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| c. 280 BC |
| | | The Jewish community of Alexandria coins the word diaspora for Jews living far from Israel | |
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| c. 280 BC |
| | | The Alexandrian school of medicine develops an alarming form of clinical anatomy – human vivisection | |
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| c. 280 BC |
| | | A great lighthouse, subsequently one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is built on the island of Pharos, off Alexandria | |
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| c. 280 BC |
| | | The Jews of Alexandria commission the Greek translation of the Old Testament which becomes known as the Septuagint | |
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